Threats to biodiversity
Habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation
In many parts of the state, vegetation clearing has led to habitat fragmentation. Critical coastal habitats have been degraded by urban development in coastal zones and upstream land use practices. Use of Artesian water in the arid and semi-arid zones has led to low water table levels, loss of springs and changes to associated ecosystems. Dams and other obstructions to the flow of water in freshwater rivers and streams can have affects on aquatic ecosystems all the way downstream to the marine environment.
Invasive species
Invasive plant and animal species often compete with, or directly prey on native species. Pest plants and animals can significantly alter essential habitats and effect ecosystem processes to the detriment of native biodiversity. Pathogens and disease also present a real and direct threat to the survival of Queensland’s wildlife.
Unsustainable use of natural resources
Over exploitation of wildlife and natural resources results in depletion of those populations and subsequent loss of biodiversity. Illegal collecting of plants and animals is a continuing issue in some areas. In the marine environment, over-fishing of any one species can alter food webs within ecosystems, having a cascading affect on marine biodiversity.
Changes to aquatic environment, water flows, freshwater systems and wetlands
Sediments flowing off land degrade the health of marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs. Rubbish, chemicals used in agriculture and industry, and light and noise pollution have severe repercussions for aquatic ecosystems. Catchment run-off from agricultural centres and treatment plants threaten biodiversity of freshwater and marine environments. Agricultural chemicals affect land condition. Rubbish, such as discarded fishing gear and plastic bags cause problems for marine mammals and turtles.
Fire
Fire has potential to inflict serious damage on biodiversity. Climate change research predicts fires in some parts of the state may become more severe. The decrease in regular ‘cool fires’, which were more common when Queensland was managed by Indigenous communities, has resulted in grasslands being invaded by shrubs and trees. Rainforests have also expanded into wetter eucalypt forests, resulting in habitat loss for many species.
Climate change
Climate change is recognised as a major threat to terrestrial and marine biodiversity and ecosystem function. In Queensland, altered rainfall and run-off patterns, sea level rise, increases in air and ocean temperatures, and changed frequency of weather events are expected. The impact of climate change will vary from more frequent and severe droughts and fires in south-east Queensland, to less frequent but more intensive rainfalls and cyclones in the Wet Tropics.
Last updated 17 December 2010